How to fix a Mac webcam that is not working
If your Mac camera shows a black screen or no picture, work through these steps from Apple’s article on a built in camera that is not working: update your software, check Screen Time, allow the app in Privacy and Security, then restart. If the green light flashes, contact Apple.
1. Update your software
Install the latest macOS and app updates. Apple lists this as the first step. Quit your call app and open it again afterwards.
2. Check Screen Time
Apple’s article says that if you use Screen Time, camera access can be blocked there. Open the Apple menu, go to System Settings and click Screen Time. Under Content & Privacy, open App Restrictions (or Apps) and confirm that Camera is checked. Under App Limits, make sure any app you need for the camera is off or not selected.
3. Allow the app
Open System Settings, click Privacy & Security and select Camera. Turn on every app that needs the camera. Apple says you may need to quit and reopen an app for the change to take effect. The details are in allowing camera access for an app.
4. Restart
On an Apple silicon Mac, restart the computer. On an Intel based Mac, Apple tells you to reset the SMC and links to its instructions.
5. Try another app
Photo Booth and FaceTime come with your Mac and need no permission. If the camera works there but not in your call app, the cause is the call app. Check its video settings for the selected camera, and see how to test your Mac camera.
6. Get help
If the camera still does not work, or the green light beside it flashes, contact Apple for service.
Check a second source
Make sure no other app has the camera. The green dot and Control Center show it, as this tip explains.
A workaround
If the built in camera cannot be repaired right away, an iPhone can act as your Mac’s webcam. See using an iPhone as a webcam.
Versions
The Apple article names macOS Catalina or later for the Screen Time step, macOS Mojave or later for the camera permissions step, and splits the restart step by Apple silicon and Intel. Labels differ between System Settings and older System Preferences.
NotchStar
If you are using NotchStar’s Mirror tool and see nothing, the camera cause is the same as any other app. It uses your Mac’s default camera, so a wrong default can also leave the preview empty.